A guide to Nutrient Deficiencies – Iron

Iron deficiency in horticulture, also known as iron chlorosis, is a common problem that affects many plants, particularly those that prefer acidic soil conditions.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants, and its deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms and negative impacts on plant health.

What are the symptoms of Iron Deficiency?

• Yellowing of Leaves: One of the most common and noticeable symptoms of iron deficiency is the yellowing of young leaves, usually occurring between the veins while the veins themselves remain green. This condition is known as interveinal chlorosis.
• Reduced Growth: Iron deficiency can lead to stunted growth, as the plant struggles to produce sufficient chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis.
• Leaf Drop: In severe cases, affected leaves may drop prematurely, leading to a loss of foliage.
• Poor Fruit and Flower Development: Insufficient iron can negatively impact the development of fruits and flowers, reducing crop yields and the overall aesthetic appeal of ornamental plants.

Iron Deficiency in Cham. Laws. Columnaris.

What are the impacts of Iron Deficiency?

• Reduced Photosynthesis: Iron is a key component of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight and converting it into energy through photosynthesis. Iron deficiency impairs this process, reducing a plant’s ability to produce energy and grow.
• Weakened Plant Immunity: Iron deficiency weakens a plant’s ability to defend itself against diseases and pests. Healthy plants are better equipped to resist attacks.
• Poor Overall Health: Over time, chronic iron deficiency can lead to overall poor plant health, making plants more susceptible to other environmental stresses, such as drought or extreme temperatures.

Iron Deficiency in Potentilla triden-tata ‘Nuuk’

How should you manage Iron Deficiency?

• Soil Testing: Begin by conducting a soil test to determine the pH and nutrient levels in your soil. Iron deficiency is more common in alkaline soils (pH above 7.0).
• Adjust Soil pH: If the soil pH is too high, consider lowering it by adding amendments like elemental sulfur or acidifying fertilisers. This can make iron more available to plants.
• Iron Supplements: Apply iron supplements, such as iron chelates, directly to the soil or as a foliar spray. Chelated iron is more readily absorbed by plants than inorganic iron.
• Organic Matter: Improve soil health by adding organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure. Organic matter can enhance nutrient availability, including iron.
• Proper Irrigation: Ensure that plants receive adequate but not excessive water. Waterlogged soil can reduce iron uptake by plant roots.
• Mulching: Mulching with organic materials can help maintain soil moisture and temperature, which can indirectly assist in nutrient uptake.
• Plant Selection: If iron deficiency is a recurring problem in your area, consider selecting plant varieties that are more tolerant of alkaline soils or are naturally adapted to the local conditions.
• Regular Monitoring: Keep a close eye on your plants and monitor for any signs of iron deficiency. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing severe damage.

Iron Deficiency in Calibrachoa

Iron deficiency can be a persistent issue in horticulture, especially in regions with alkaline soils. Proper soil management and nutrient supplementation are crucial for maintaining healthy and vibrant plants.