How to identify and control dandelions?

What is a Dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis)?

Dandelions are persistent, broadleaf perennial weeds that thrive in various soil types and are commonly found in turf.

How to Identify Dandelions?

Dandelions have a low growth habit with soft, hairless, mid-dark green leaves arranged in a tight rosette at the base of the plant. The leaves are pinnately lobed, resembling feathers. Their large, bright yellow flowers are unmistakable, blooming on pinkish, hollow stalks from March to October. These flowers, 2.5-5 cm in diameter, transform into white puffballs of seeds if left unchecked.

How Does a Dandelion Grow?

This low-growing perennial weed boasts a deep taproot that can extend up to 60 cm deep if not managed. The taproot can survive winter without leaves and produce new growth in spring. Even a small fragment of the root can regenerate the plant if not entirely removed. Dandelions are widespread and flourish in almost all conditions.

Managing dandelions culturally is challenging once they are established due to their long taproot, rapid flowering, and abundant seed production.

• Early Removal: Use a knife or similar tool to remove new plants early, ensuring all roots are removed.
• Prevent Seed Formation: Do not allow flowerheads to develop and set seed.
• Isolated Specimens: Removing larger isolated specimens can damage the lawn and may not remove all root material, risking regeneration.

To minimize weed seed germination, encourage good sward density:

• Regular Mowing: Maintain a sensible cutting height.
• Fertilizer Program: Support healthy growth and strong root development.
• Watering: Water only when necessary.
• Drainage: Maintain good drainage and encourage organic matter breakdown with regular aeration and top dressing.
• Raking/Scarifying: Remove moss and promote upright growth.

Chemical Control Solutions for Dandelions

Numerous broadleaf, selective herbicides can control dandelions. For optimal results, apply when plants are actively growing, typically between April and October. Repeat applications if necessary.